Estimation of Deposition Velocities for 85Sr, 131I, 137Cs on Spinach,Radish and Beans Leaves in a Tropical Region Under Simulated Fallout Conditions

Poly dispersive aerosols of SrCl₂, NaI, CsCl having a size distribution of 2.33 m (Activity Median Aerodynamic Diameter, [AMAD]) with a geometric standard deviation of 1.83 m are used for the determination of deposition velocity for ⁸⁵Sr, ¹³¹I and ¹³⁷Cs aerosols on tropical spinach (Spinicia olericia), radish (Raphanous sative) and beans (Phasolous valugeries) plant leaves. The experiments were carried out in a specially designed exposure chamber to simulate deposition under accidental releases of radioactivity in tropical environment. The rates of particles deposition are expressed as a function of plant surface area and of plant dry weight. The deposition velocities obtained are in the range of 10^–6 to 10^–7 m/s. These values differ significantly from those in temperate regions. The lower values for deposition velocities (v _g) for the tropical environment is attributed due to high humidity. Therefore, the deposition of suspended aerosols on leaf surfaces caused by impaction and Brownian diffusion becomes slower in tropical environment and resulted into lower value of deposition velocities.     

九龙山西沙湾围涂工程对邻近水域的影响

规划的西沙湾围涂工程位于杭州湾北岸,该水域岛礁林立、沟壑丛生,水流流态异常复杂,且工程上下游有陈山码头等众多重大涉水工程,使得该工程的敏感性凸显,通过平面二维数学模型研究了围涂工程对邻近水域的影响,为相关部门的审批提供决策依据。     

Settling velocity characterization of aquacultural solids

A top-loading settling column is described and used to characterize the settling properties of the solids in the discharge water from a commercial rainbow trout production facility. Mass-based and phosphorus-based settling curves are presented. The median settling velocity on a mass-basis for the settleable solids was 1.7 cm s⁻¹. The median settling velocity for the settleable phosphorus was 1.15 cm s⁻¹. Manually stripping fecal material from rainbow trout resulted in settleable solids with a median settling velocity of 0.7 cm s⁻¹. Examination of the settling velocity curves show that halving the overflow rate (OFR) from 2 to 1 cm s⁻¹ changes the removal efficiency from 0.61 to 0.73, an increase of about 20%. Halving the OFR again to 0.5 cm s⁻¹ increases the removal efficiency to 0.81, an improvement of about 11%. Settling characteristics of aquacultural solids will vary from facility to facility. The methods described in this paper can be used to perform a similar type of analysis at other aquacultural sites, which may be growing other species under different management regimes.     

直剪法用于糙米内摩擦角的测定与研究

利用土工合成材料综合测定仪（直剪仪）,以水分含量14.57%的糙米为样品,测定了在不同的法向压应力、不同的剪切速率下糙米的剪切应力并计算出内摩擦角。实验结果表明：糙米的剪切应力随着法向压应力（25kPa～100kPa）的增大而增大;剪切速率（1.33mm/min～2.67mm/min）较低时糙米的内摩擦角随着法向压应力的增大而减小;随着剪切速率（1.33mm/min～5.20mm/min）的增大,糙米的内摩擦角减小。     

侧渠底高对分水口水力特性影响数值模拟研究

目前对灌区分水口水力性能的研究多集中在主渠和侧渠底部高程相等的情况下,对于普遍存在的侧渠底部高程高于主渠时的分流特性缺乏系统研究。该文在试验基础上,利用FLOW-3D软件对侧渠不同底高、主渠来流量的矩形渠道分水口进行了数值模拟研究,将主渠各断面水深、流速的模拟值与实测值进行对比,发现流速变化与实测值变化规律基本一致,相对误差均小于10%,利用FLOW-3D对分水口进行数值计算具有合理可信性。结果表明：分水口处的水面波动受主渠来流的影响,流量越大,波动越大;高于侧渠底高的水流会对低于侧渠底高的下层水流产生影响,使下层水流具有向上的流速分量,参与分水口分流;同一主渠来流量下,随侧渠底高的增加,侧渠进口断面最大流速和水深逐渐减小;侧渠进口断面靠近上游端的区域湍动较大,而在下游端靠近底部湍动能值较小。研究为灌区配水及水量控制提供了参考依据。     

海水流速对网箱养殖卵形鲳鯵生长的影响

2000—2004年分别在马銮湾、火烧屿、鳄鱼屿和猴屿4个海区进行卵形鲳鯵网箱养殖,探讨在养殖模式和饲料投喂技术相同条件下,海水流速度对网箱养殖卵形鲳鯵生长的影响。结果显示,海水流速最慢的马銮湾海区养殖效果最好,海水流速最快的猴屿养殖效果最差。     

齿形微通道内流流场数值模拟及试验研究

以断面尺寸800μm×800μm的齿型微通道为研究对象,在雷诺数为100和300流动条件下对微通道内流进行试验测量和数值模拟.利用Micro-PIV技术,获取了微通道内流流场速度矢量分布图和流线图,试验结果发现微通道内流在各齿之间流动结构具有重复性,齿内流场包含高速区和低速区,且低速区在转向内侧和左顶角区域存在回流,内附一个完整的涡旋.数值模拟采用多孔介质模拟微通道壁面粗糙元、配合realizable k-ε湍流模型的数值模拟方法,对微通道几何结构单齿建模,利用周期性边界条件模拟计算得到了微通道内流流场分布,模拟流场与试验结果特征相同;在微通道内流特定截面上进行流速定量分析,分析结果为模拟值与试验值吻合程度高,证明该模拟方法在较大雷诺数范围内均适用于复杂结构的微通道内流流动模拟计算.     

逆流运动训练对多鳞四须鲃摄食、生长和体营养成分的影响

在室内条件下［水温(28?1) ℃］,设置0.7 BL/s和2.0 BL/s 2个流速组以及一个静水对照组,研究了不同逆流运动训练对多鳞四须鲃幼鱼［体质量(75.21?2.82) g］摄食、生长和体营养成分的影响。实验分1~23 d和23~45 d两个阶段,共进行45 d。实验结果表明,多鳞四须鲃平均日摄食率随流速增加而增大,但体长特定生长率、体质量特定生长率和食物转换率均以0.7 BL/s组最高,静水组次之,2.0 BL/s组最低,且三者间差异显著(P<0.05)。不同流速下多鳞四须鲃肌肉水分和灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但随流速增大,多鳞四须鲃肌肉中蛋白质含量增加,而脂肪含量却显著下降。在实验末期,2.0 BL/s流速组的氨基酸总含量(82.63%)、必需氨基酸总含量(34.34%)和鲜味氨基酸总含量(33.50%)均显著高于静水对照组(78.27%,32.6%,30.63%)(P<0.05)。研究表明,较低流速(0.7 BL/s)的运动训练明显促进多鳞四须鲃的生长,提高食物转化率和增加肌肉蛋白质含量,高流速(2.0 BL/s)的运动训练不利于生长,但却能显著提高肌肉必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量。     

Spectral Doppler ultrasound in the major arteries of normal conscious immature micropigs

Spectral waveform analysis of blood flow velocity in the major arteries of six healthy, conscious immature micropigs was determined using Doppler ultrasonography. Doppler spectral tracings were recorded from the external iliac artery, femoral artery, and renal arcuate artery. Tracings were also taken from three parts of the common carotid artery and two parts of the abdominal aorta. Spectral Doppler parameters included peak systolic velocity, early diastolic velocity, peak systolic velocity-to-end diastolic velocity ratio, resistive index, and pulsatility index. In addition, the diameter of major arteries and indirect blood pressure were measured. These results from spectral Doppler analysis in major arteries may be useful as reference ranges in the future studies of vascular hemodynamics in immature micropigs.     

Numerical analysis on fan shaped air blast atomizer parameters

Based on Eulerian Lagrangian coupling algorithm, the performance parameters of Fan shaped air blast atomizer is simulated. It is shown that when gas liquid mass flow ratio is constant, the spray angle and velocity of droplet decreases and SMD increases gradually with the increase of orifice width. Therefore, in order to obtain much smaller liquid droplet, orifice width should not be too wide. When the orifice width is constant, along with the increase of gas liquid mass flow ratio, SMD decreases firstly and increases later when reaching the minimum. And SMD minimum value is 39.5 μm when the orifice width is 0.6 mm.